Sustainable agriculture Essay Example for Free

Supportable agribusiness Essay Are Organic Foods All They Are Hyped Up To Be: An Overview Of The Organic Food Industry Today, with malignancy and corpulence cases expanding rapidly, individuals are directing their concentration toward the nourishments they are devouring. Such eating regimens as the veggie lover, vegan, lacto-vegan, paleo, crude, and locavore are turning out to be increasingly well known. The one thing these eating regimens all share for all intents and purpose is the conviction that natural nourishments are superior to regular nourishments. Like traditional nourishments, natural nourishments contain synthetics and harmful microbes, transmit progressively ozone depleting substances, and are not feasible. The synthetic concoctions in natural nourishments cause mischief to individuals and the earth. Besides, natural nourishments travel significant distances, delivering bigger measures of ozone harming substances and changing the dietary substance of the food. Natural nourishments likewise utilize more land and delivers less food. In spite of the fact that there is a lot of publicity about eating natural produce, purchasers might need to weigh out their alternatives. A great many people accept natural nourishments are better for you and the earth since they don't utilize synthetic substances. For example, The USDA site expresses that natural nourishments are food sources that are delivered without utilizing most ordinary pesticides; manures made with manufactured fixings; bioengineering; sewage ooze; or ionizing radiation (USDA). In all actuality natural nourishments guarantee to be without substance aside from the natural pesticides they are permitted to utilize are so risky they have been â€Å"grandfathered† with current guidelines and are not required to experience exacting present day security tests. For instance, natural ranchers are permitted to utilize copper to treat contagious illnesses on their farmland crops. Copper isn't biodegradable and remains in the dirt perpetually and is poisonous in over the top adds up to the human body (Johnston). Another model is in India, who is an enormous producer and exporter of natural nourishments to the United States. It has as of late been evaluated that 75% of India’s surface water is tainted by human and horticultural squanders (Michael). Natural nourishments can be similarly as destructive to people and our condition. There is likewise banter in the case of ingesting hurtful synthetic substances, which are showered during traditional cultivating techniques so as to execute other living life forms, are harmful to the human body. Since natural nourishments don't utilize fungicides and such, they are likewise much of the time debased with microorganisms and normally happening poisons that are unsafe for human absorption (Miller). Studies have been performed to test the unsafe impacts to people from natural synthetic concoctions. An ongoing report discharged by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) of 110 individuals and 358 coordinated controls demonstrated two natural pesticides generally utilized today, rotenone and paraquat, are connected to the advancement of Parkinson’s sickness in people. Utilization of both of these pesticides makes individuals 2. multiple times bound to create Parkinson’s illness. Rotenone forestalls the mitochondria from making essential vitality inside cells. Essentially, paraquat produces exorbitant destructive oxygen results that are hurtful to cell structures (NIH). Moreover, A 2007 Study of Use of Products and Exposure-Related Behavior (SUPERB) studied 364 youngsters between ages two and five so as to analyze poison utilization and malignancy hazard factors. Examination discovered all kids inspected had exorbitant measures of arsenic, dieldrin, DDE and dioxins, all known to cause malignant growth. What's more, over 95% of preschool kids had inadmissible measures of acrylamide; a cooking side-effect found in potato and tortilla chips, additionally know to cause malignant growth (University of California). With such a significant number of pesticides and poisons, natural or not, ending up being destructive to mankind, it is hard to comprehend what the best alternatives are. Exploration closes all synthetic substances, regular or manufactured, are harming to the human body and the earth. So the inquiry remains, is it better for individuals to ingest natural and engineered synthetic compounds or destructive microorganisms and poisons? Natural nourishments travel significant distances and might be all the more harming to the earth. Rich Pirog, the partner chief of the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture at Iowa State University, expresses that food ventures 1,500 miles on normal from homestead to buyer, bringing forth the term â€Å"food miles†(DeWeerdt). Priog’s group reasoned that ordinary food conveyance frameworks utilized four to multiple times more fuel and transmitted five to multiple times more CO2 than the nearby and local frameworks. Be that as it may, Priog makes reference to that food miles are a decent proportion of how far food has voyage. In any case, they’re not an awesome proportion of the food’s natural effect (DeWeerdt). For example, warmed nursery tomatoes in Britain utilize something like multiple times more vitality than those delivered in fields in Africa (Johnston). Another model is our country’s biggest retailer for natural nourishments, Whole Foods. They really buy the vast majority of their items from China and just notice it in little fine print on the rear of the items. After picking your produce, it is useful to check the name to distinguish the food miles amassed. Media and commercials persuade natural produce has a more prominent dietary benefit than customary nourishments. The USDA site makes no cases that naturally delivered food is more secure or more nutritious than expectedly created food (USDA/Miller). In like manner, the United Kingdom’s Food Standards Agency detailed that there is no verification natural food is more nutritious than ordinarily developed assortments (Taverene). The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) controls the natural food industry. Their norms have as of late been investigated for permitting negligible measures of affirmed synthetic compounds. The EPA proposes the negligible hints of risky synthetic substances found in natural or regular nourishments are not destructive to people. Be that as it may, contemplates report kids and older are at the most serious danger of the harming impacts from synthetic concoctions. Charles Benbrook, already a central researcher for the Organic Center, expresses that the best advantages of natural nourishments are for kids, pregnant ladies, and old who all will in general have debilitated insusceptible frameworks. Moreover, he likewise reports considers that have followed pesticide levels in pregnant women’s blood and discovered their youngsters to score four to seven percent lower on IQ tests contrasted with their cohorts (Chang). Natural nourishments are an astute decision for specific populaces. A great many people pick natural items accepting they are economical. Natural ranches yield 20-half less produce contrasted with regular homesteads, making natural cultivating a less effective utilization of land. For instance, natural potatoes utilize less as far as manure creation or potentially vitality, however require progressively petroleum product for furrowing. For instance, a hectare of ordinarily cultivated land produces 2. multiple times a larger number of potatoes than a natural one. In this way, if just natural nourishments were accessible, a large portion of the current human populace would starve to death (Taverene). Orgainc nourishments will in general cost more than ordinary nourishments. Albeit natural food yields are less, costs are as much as triple the expense of regular nourishments (Taverene). This is because of the more prominent measures of work engaged with natural cultivating methodology. Natural ranchers are additionally considered lawfully liable for cross-sullying by hereditarily built nourishments, which in turns raises expenses of natural produce. Natural cultivating utilizes less synthetic substances, which thusly advances more noteworthy farmland biodiversity. As per the Organic Trade Association, natural fields additionally require less water system, lessen toxins in ground water and make more extravagant soils that guide plant development while diminishing disintegration. Natural techniques likewise limit pesticides that can wind up in your drinking glass. The Environmental Working Group (EWG) reports different urban communities in the United States to have perilous degrees of faucet water reliably for a considerable length of time at once (DeWeerdt). A few investigations demonstrate no advantage to individuals devouring natural nourishments. Albeit high dosages of pesticide cause malignant growths and birth deserts, there is no proof demonstrating the miniscule measures of synthetic compounds found in ordinary nourishments are harming to human wellbeing. A few examinations discharged show malignancy events among ranchers, who are regularly presented to generally significant levels of these synthetic compounds, are not any more incessant than in different occupations. Moreover, during the most recent fifty years, during when manufactured synthetics turned into the business standard for food creation, the normal future has expanded by more than seven years (Chang). Natural nourishments guarantee to have more dietary substance than regular nourishments. Be that as it may, each products of the soil has contrasting nourishing piece, which relies upon a wide assortment of elements including however not restricted to developing conditions and season, manure organization, and methods for crop security (I. e. , herbicides, pesticides, fungicides, and so forth ) Food items from creature sources additionally vary in dietary substance relying upon such factors as age, breed and taking care of routine of the creature. Besides, the wholesome creations of crude nourishments increment during handling, transportation, stockpiling, and cooking before utilization (DeWeerdt). Privately developed food diminishes the transportation time frame, bringing about less carbon emanations to the earth and less oxidization to the produce, subsequently giving better wholesome substance (Chang). Moreover, natural food generally tastes better, contains no manufactured manures, pesticides or herbicides, which are known to cause malignant growth, and are all the more frequently privately developed. Moreover, the USDA depicts natural food as, food created by ranchers who advance the utilization of inexhaustible assets and the protection of water and soil to improve the nature of the earth for people in the future (USDA). Natural nourishments are not in every case superior to customary nourishments. It must be c

Hate It or Love It Essay Example for Free

Despise It or Love It Essay

Kickstart My Art

Kickstart My Art There was a great article in the Tech earlier this week about startup culture at MIT. MIT has a lot of students who are creative, self-starting people; cool ideas pop into their heads and off they go to make them into reality. One such example is Mark Fayngersh 15. Mark is an exceptionally talented web developer and photographer studying Computer Science here at MIT. Now, Mark could do a lot of things in a lot of organizations, and all of them would be great and cool. But the project hes currently working on is a kickstarter called The Institvte: A Photobook: Hi! My name is Mark, and Im currently a freshman studying Computer Science and Philosophy. When Im not doing homework, Im writing programs and taking pictures of objects and places around me. I need your help: Im striving to create a photobook that encompasses environment and culture while focusing on architecture, people, and events representative of life at MIT. The Institvte is a story about a school, its architecture and environment. Most of all, its a story about culture, mindset, and people. MIT is known as a rigorous research facility and one of the best universities in the world, but theres more to the institute than numbers. The goal of this project is to present MIT to the world under new light, exposing its multidimensional nature while telling a story from a fresh perspective. By helping Kickstart this project, youre not just getting a photobook, youre getting an experience. Now I have no idea whether this kickstarter will be successful or not. But to some degree thats beside the point (though I hope it will be, and am backing it, because I would like a copy of the book). The point is that this is an excellent example of a student just doing something simple, creative, and cool. Remember this! Theres no reason not to try to do cool things when the cost is low and the opportunity awesome.

Slave Fredrick Douglass - 772 Words

A man of hope and undying perseverance, Frederick Douglass escapes the shackles of slavery into the safety of the North, where he achieves the ultimate dream of the southern slave: freedom. He overcomes his struggles with his identity and knowledge of his past. In his Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, the cruelty and inhumane ways of slaveholders are depicted in their truest forms through the personal accounts of Frederick Douglass. Douglass is fearful of having to stay as a slave for life and experiences different work under the several masters he served. When Sophia Auld, the wife of Douglass’ master, tries to teach Douglass how to read and write, she is told to stop by her husband because according to Mr. Auld, a slave who reads will develop a desire for freedom. Hearing this, Douglass is determined and hopeful that his ability to read and write will determine his future in slavery or freedom. After many thoughts of doubt, experiences of betrayal, and whip lashin gs, Douglass finally decides to embark on his escape to freedom on September 3, 1838. Finally in free land in the North, Douglass is filled with distrust and fear of being captured by slaveholders; however, the kindness of Mr. Nathan Johnson allows him to live the rest of his life in freedom. The novel is written from about 1818 to 1841 over the significant life events experienced by Frederick Douglass himself. During his first few years in slavery, Douglass worked under his first master CaptainShow MoreRelatedThe Life Of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave1500 Words   |  6 Pagesharsh Fredrick Douglass autobiography, â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave,† the former slave truly reflects on what the public is being kept from hearing about: actual slave attitudes. Written in 1845, around the time the strongest abolitionist movements were in the beginning stages, the recently freed slave provided a semi-live feed of what reality for the slave is truly like. With his stories of an abandoned childhood and an under privileged education, Douglass providesRead MoreNarrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass: An American Slave873 Words   |  4 Pages The Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass: An American Slave, is a save narrative written by Fredrick Douglass himself. The narrative comprises of eleven chapters that give an account of Douglass’ life as a slave, and his quest to get education and become free from the slavery institution. In this narrative, Douglass struggles to free himself from the mentally, physically, and emotional torture of slavery, and the slavery itself. Douglass was taken away from his parents at a tender age andRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pages1845 Fredrick Douglas wrote an autobiography called The Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave. The book tells the story of his life as a slave, being the son of an enslaved woman and a white man and how he finally escaped slavery in 1837. Due to the book he became a leader for an abolitionist movement and spoke and wrote many different things about the evils of slavery. He was the most respected and famous African American in the nineteenth century. Fredrick Douglass usedRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave1271 Words   |  6 Pages In the â€Å"Narrative of the life of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave, Written by Himself†, written in the month of August 1841, demonstrates the double purpose of the work as both a personal account and a public argument. Douglass introduces the reader to his own circumstances, such as grief, sorrow and emptiness in his birthplace and the fact that he does not know his own age. He then generalizes from his own experience, by explaining that almost no slaves know their true ages. He takes this detailRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave916 Words   |  4 Pages Narrative of The Life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave In Fredrick Douglass’s a narrative, Narrative of The Life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave, he narrates an account of his experiences in the dehumanizing institution of slavery. This American institution was strategically formatted to quench any resemblance of human dignity. Throughout, the narration of his life Fredrick Douglas, meticulously illustrates the methodical process that contributed to the perpetual state of slaveryRead MoreFrederick Douglass Narrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave2160 Words   |  9 PagesJonathan Stang Waddell AP Language 26 July 2014 Fredrick Douglass-Narrative of the life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave Preface, page 4 â€Å"As soon as he had taken his seat, filled with hope and admiration, I rose, and declared that Patrick Henry, of revolutionary fame, never made a speech more eloquent in the cause of liberty, than the one we had just listened to from the lips of that hunted fugitive.† Response In this passage, Garrison attempts to express the sheerRead MoreFrederick Douglass s Narrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave1434 Words   |  6 PagesAs the most famous abolitionist African American leader, Fredrick Douglass is a political, historical, and literary figure whose words still reverberate the true meaning of freedom and political, economic, and social equality for all. Born a slave, Douglass was able to recount his story to a pre-Civil War American public, which had a tremendous effect on the views whites had about slavery and its role in American society. Douglass became a self-educated man as he grew up within the entanglementsRead MoreFrederick Douglass : The Greatest Gift Of Education998 Words   |  4 PagesDrawing upon Fredrick Douglass experience Fredrick Douglass had received the greatest gift of education overcoming these harsh obstacles with the true meaning of grit. As a slave Fredrick Douglass was not supposed to learn due to the fact that he wasn’t seen as a human. From his drive to learn Fredrick Douglass found out how this world is supposed to be for instance on how one person should treat another. Even from learning Fredrick Douglass still had the perception that he was a slave for life dueRead MoreHarriet Tubman And Frederick Douglass Essay1421 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Harriet Tubman and Fredrick Douglass Harriet Tubman and Fredrick Douglass are renowned African America civil rights figures who escaped from slavery. The civil rights activists spent a significant time of their life fighting against slavery and advocating for social justice thus holding prominent ranks in the American history. There are similarities and differences in the lives of Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass. First, they were both born at the same time and into slavery. HarrietRead MoreThe Life Of Frederick Douglass s Narrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass967 Words   |  4 Pagesinhuman mistreatment of slaves in the United States many slaves like Fredrick Douglass had to escape to fight for freedom to become abolitionists. To expose the terror and cruelties that he faced from his owners and overseers as a slave as narrated in â€Å"Narrative of the life of Fredrick Douglass.† Being a slave was difficult from the beginning. In the case of Fredrick Douglass he was a product of unwanted love. Born into slavery with no record or â€Å"accurate knowledge of age.†(Douglass) He was the son of

Capital Punishment Essay - 966 Words

Capital Punishment Capital Punishment is regarded by most as a successful deterrent to murder, but that is because these people don’t look at it as it is applied. According to retributivists such as Kant and Van Den Haag the guilty deserves to be punished. On the other hand, people against the death penalty like Bedau think that the death penalty is just as much an effective deterrent as life in prison. The most famous retributivist Kant, states that the guilty ought to get punished because they chose to act wrongly, and by punishing them, we are respecting them as a moral agents. This occurs because humans are given the ability to reason and act morally and thus if we don’t punish them we are not treating them as moral agents.†¦show more content†¦Another retributivist, van den Haag, is also a major supporter of the death penalty. He is not concerned about sentencing innocent people to death because according to him there will always be innocent victims , but that number or percentage must be kept to a minimum. Over the past 85 years, there have been 25 who have proven to be innocent after death, but according to van den Haag this is a reasonable number because there will always be mistakes(van den Haag, pg252) . People against the death penalty say not only the guilty are being executed, and innocent lives are being taken, thus we should have a stricter death row sentence to see if it is possible the accuser will be innocent. Also, it would be too difficult to make a law that ensures that only those committing the worst crimes are sentenced to die, for example if an abused wife decided one day to get back at her husband and take his life. According to retributivists she doesn’t deserve to die even though she is guilty. Also, with the death penalty race, age and gender come into play. For example, there isn’t much media coverage on men on death row, but if there was a women on death row you wouldn’t miss a thing about it. Another example is the case of Ferman vs Georgia in 1972. This case showed that capital punishment is unconstitutional, but the court didn’t say it was cruel and unusual punishment. Consequently, with the fact that the majority of people on death row are usually poor,Show MoreRelated Capital Punishment1099 Words   |  5 Pages Capital Punishment Murder, a common occurrence in American society, is thought of as a horrible, reprehensible atrocity. Why then, is it thought of differently when the state government arranges and executes a human being, the very definition of premeditated murder? Capital punishment has been reviewed and studied for many years, exposing several inequities and weaknesses, showing the need for the death penalty to be abolished. Upon examination, one finds capital punishment to be economically weakRead MoreCapital Punishment1137 Words   |  5 Pagescorresponding punishments. Among all penalties, capital punishment is considered to be the most severe and cruelest one which takes away criminal’s most valuable right in the world, that is, right to live. It is a heated debate for centuries whether capital punishment should be completely abolished world widely. The world seems to have mixed opinion regarding this issue. According to Amnesty International (2010), currently, 97 countries in the world have already abolished capital punishment while onlyRead MoreCapital Punishment1786 Words   |  8 PagesCapital Punishment Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the toughest form of punishment enforced today in the United States. According to the online Webster dictionary, capital punishment is defined as â€Å"the judicially ordered execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a serious crime, often called a capital offence or a capital crime† (1). In those jurisdictions that practice capital punishment, its use is usually restricted to a small number of criminal offences, principallyRead More Capital Punishment1898 Words   |  8 PagesCapital Punishment Imagine your heart suddenly beginning to race as you hear a judge give you a death sentence and then you’re quickly carried away in chains as your family sobs as they realize that they will no longer be able to see you. As you sit in your cell you begin to look back at your life and try to see where you went wrong to end up in jail waiting to carry out a death sentence, and at the same time know that you are an innocent waiting to be heard. This same scenario repeatsRead MoreCapital Punishment1276 Words   |  6 Pagesbroken to get the death penalty, increased murder rates and wrongful accusations. There are many different views of the death penalty. Many different religions have their own views of the death penalty. In Hinduism, if the king does not inflict punishment on those worthy to be punished the stronger would roast the weaker like fish on a spit. In the religion of Jainism, mostly all of their followers are abolitionists of the death penalty which means that they oppose of it. Infact, this religionRead More Capital Punishment Essay: Retain Capital Punishment?696 Words   |  3 PagesCapital Punishment - Retain or Not?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay tangles with the question of whether or not we should retain the death penalty within the American code of penal law.    There is a feeling of frustration and horror that we experience at the senseless and brutal crimes that too frequently disrupt the harmony of society. There is pain which accompanies the heartfelt sympathy that we extend to the victims families who, in their time of suffering, are in need of the support and compassionRead MoreCapital Punishment2506 Words   |  11 PagesCapital Punishment and the Death Penalty Capital punishment exist in today’s society as citizens of the United States should we have the right to take an individual life. As illustrated throughout numerous of studies the death penalty is an unfair process seven out of ten deaths handed down by the state courts from 1973 to 1995 were overturned when appeal and the seven percent were later found to be innocent. Such as the Dobie Williams case which took place July 8, 1984. DobieRead MoreCapital Punishment Is A Legal Punishment1116 Words   |  5 Pageswhat the big deal about Capital Punishment is? According to free dictionary, Capital Punishment is to put to death as a legal punishment (Farlax). Capital Punishment is used worldwide, and is guaranteed to prevent future crime. Capital Punishment is a large controversy in the U.S. but before a personal opinion can be formed, some facts need to be known, such as what it is, where it is used and why it could be good or bad. Well, what is Capital Punishment? Capital Punishment is where a person is executedRead MoreCapital Punishment Is The Ultimate Punishment1704 Words   |  7 Pageswhat would you want from the government if he had killed someone you know? He should receive the capital punishment. The capital punishment is the ultimate punishment given to the precarious crimes. It is the last stage of capital punishment. There are different methods of like hanging, electric chair, lethal injection, firing squad, gas chamber. Murderers and rapist should be given extreme punishment, and they have to pay for their wrongdoing. We can observe crime rates are accelerating day-by-dayRead MoreCapital Punishment And Juvenile Punishment1631 Words   |  7 Pages Capital punishment is the term used when an individual is put to death by the state or government for the commission of a crime. Until recently, juveniles were not exempt from this punishment, however they would generally need to commit a more serious offense compared to their adult counterpart. Then there was the decision ruling the execution of mentally handicapped individuals was unconstitutional, using the 8th amendment as their authority, while taking into account the diminished capacity of

Basics of the Operating System Free Essays

Heather RussellNT1430 Unit 1 Chapter Exercises Unit 1 Chapter 1 1. What is free software? List three characteristics of free software. Free software is software that users have the freedom to distribute and change. We will write a custom essay sample on Basics of the Operating System or any similar topic only for you Order Now The three main characteristics of free software are: The source code has to be distributed with the program, you cannot restrict people from redistributing/modifying/using the software, and users must be allowed to redistribute modified versions under the same terms/licensing. 4. What is the Free Software Foundation/GNU? What is Linux? Which parts of the Linux operating system did each provide? Who else has helped build and refine this operating system? GNU stands for â€Å"GNU’S Not Unix†, and it was designed to be a UNIX-like operating system developed by Richard Stallman. Linux is the name of operating system kernel developed by Linus Torvalds. GNU’s tools aside the Linux kernel make the operating system known as â€Å"Linux† aka â€Å"GNU/Linux†. Thousands of people helped refine the operating system online. Chapter 2 1. Briefly, what does the process of installing an operating system such as Fedora/RHEL involve? Installing Fedora/RHEL is the process of copying operating system files from a CD, DVD, or USB flash drive to hard disk(s) on a system and setting up configuration files so Linux runs properly on the hardware. Several types of installations are possible, including fresh installations, upgrades from older releases of Fedora/RHEL, and dual-boot installations Chapter 3 1. What is a live system? What advantages does it have over an installed system? A live system gives you a chance to preview Fedora without installing it. It does not write to hard disks. 4. Where on the disk should you put your /boot partition or the root(/) partition if you do not use a /boot partition? Put /boot at the beginning of the drive (partition 1) so that there is no issue of Linux having to boot from a partition too far into the drive. 8. When does a Fedora/RHEL system start X by default? When the system enters Run Level 5 Chapter 11 1 How does single-user mode differ from multiuser mode? When a system is in single-user mode, you can log in only at the console. Not all of the filesystems are mounted, and many daemons are not running. With the system in multiuser mode you can log in at any terminal or workstation that is set up for login, most or all of the filesystems are mounted, and all of the daemons that your system is set up to run are running. 3 What do the letters of the su command stand for? Hint: It is not Superuser. ) What can you do with su besides give yourself Superuser privileges? How would you log in as Zach if you did not know his password but knew the root password? How would you establish the same environment that Zach has when he first logs on? The letters stand for substitute user. You can give yourself privileges of any user whose password you know (or any user when you are running as root). You can also execute a command (other than a shell) as the specified user. How to cite Basics of the Operating System, Essay examples

Designing, Improving and Implementing Processes Essay Sample free essay sample

Simply Sunless. LLC is a little airbrush tanning concern. which the proprietor is the exclusive employee and technician. The mission of Simply Sunless is to advance a healthy tanning alternate and skin malignant neoplastic disease consciousness. â€Å"Be Fabulously Fake! † is the slogan of Simply Sunless. and the feeling that proprietor. Brooke Counts. wants each client to see every clip she tans them. Q # 2 After deep idea and a great trade of planning. Brooke decided to do the concern preponderantly mobile. which eliminated a big part of many concern hurdlings. viz. startup costs. The pick to be nomadic eliminated overhead costs. including salon infinite lease. ornaments. licenses. and other costs associated with holding a shopfront. Additionally. being nomadic minimized the machine size demands and merchandise volumes. In order to do the equipment easy to transport from client to client. it needed to be compact and merchandises minimum to minimise possible for harm during conveyance. In order to interrupt into the beauty industry. it was realized that Simply Sunless would necessitate to spouse with other local beauty concerns to construct a client base. By offering airbrush tanning at watering place. wellness and fittingness installations. and salons that did non antecedently have any signifier of sunless tanning. Brooke will be able to develop a solid trade name. and trade name consciousness. without the overpowering cost of advertisement and promoting that are non economical for little concerns. Based on research of Simply Sunless. selling is the procedure in most demand of alteration over the approaching twelvemonth. Every twenty-four hours more than 1 million people tan in tanning salons. Of these people. 70 % are Caucasic misss between the ages of 16 and 29. With one-year indoor tanning grosss estimated to be over $ 2. 6 billion. holding effectual advertisement is indispensable to the growing of Simply Sunless. It has been established that the mean individual has a 75 % higher hazard of developing skin malignant neoplastic disease from utilizing tanning beds. and that persons who tanned before the age of 35 are at an 87 % higher hazard of developing melanoma ( American Academy of Dermatology. 2012 ) . Health witting consumers are traveling off from UV tanning to UV-free tanning because of their hazard for skin malignant neoplastic disease and premature aging. Additionally. the handiness of nomadic electronics. societal networking. and people’s general desire for cognition. opens selling options up to being more accessible. if the right mark audience is reached. Identifying and advancing airbrush tanning to the right audience will be more successful than puting in direct mailing and print ads. Q # 3 Degree 1 ( Initial ) : The concern was started without loans and operating expense. so the lone disbursals will be supplies. gas. and advertisement. This phase will place methods of selling that can be used to advance Simply Sunless and assist the possible clients place the trade name. Degree 2 ( Repeatable ) : Here. Simply Sunless will reexamine selling methods utilized since the concern was founded. Via study method. new and established clients will be asked how they became cognizant of Simply Sunless. Calculations will be done to find the cost associated with each selling method and compare that figure to the sum of gross generated for each method. Degree 3 ( Defined ) : Bing a individual owner/operator concern. Simply Sunless’s direction will be more in melody with the defined concern procedure in relation to concern ends. Initially. the concern demands to put in selling to develop a client following. This will be accomplished by using economical selling methods such as digital and word of oral cavity referrals. and by partnering with complementary concerns. Print advertisement and fall ining the local Chamber of Commerce will besides be included in the budget. Degree 4 ( Managed ) : Once a client base has been developed and a successful selling method identified. finding tanning quality will be closely monitored via client follow-up calls. Following every tanning session. the client will be contacted and asked if their sunburn met with their outlooks of a UV-free sunburn. If the reply is yes. they will be thanked for their backing and encouraged to book their following assignment. Should the reply be no. the client will be asked how the experience can be improved for following visits. In add-on to the client study. the tanning solution and retail merchandises will be monitored for termination day of the months. quality control issues. or damaged packaging agreement to maker recommendations. Since colour alteration is a unequivocal index of harm. solutions will be kept in temperatures recommended by the maker and tested hebdomadally for colour alterations and disposed of instantly should they neglect specifications. Degree 5 ( Optimized ) : In order to go on successful procedure direction and maximise procedure success. a continual rating of the system will be established. Periodically. outside beginnings from the provider and solution industry will scrutinize the quality control procedure to assistance in finding successful or failing procedures. Random client studies will be conducted to find client satisfaction with the tan colour. tanning procedure. technician cognition. and handiness of sunless tanning attention merchandises. Technician ( s ) will be required to go to go oning instruction classs to larn new techniques and acquire acquainted with new merchandises. Q # 4 Phase 1: Presently. Simply Sunless is a turning concern looking to spread out its client base with a limited budget. It can be assumed that investing in selling will progress or restrict the growing potency. A chiseled selling procedure will help in finding optimum selling outgo to advance successful concern growing. Phase 2: The beauty industry is hard to interrupt into and easy to be black listed. Cardinal factors for success include set uping a positive trade name image. while failure is set uping a negative trade name image. All rivals are capable of marketing their mark audience with advertisement. publicities. and warrants. The concluding merchandises. in this instance the airbrush sunburn. can be displayed via portfolios and word of oral cavity referrals. The greatest restriction being the pecuniary agencies to publicize and talent to bring forth quality airbrush sunburns. Since many services in the beauty industry are considered â€Å"luxury† . during times of economic adversity these luxury services are the first to be cut from a budget. Compared to its rivals. Simply Sunless has an advantage being nomadic and holding minimum fixed costs so the nest eggs can be reflected in pricing and publicities. Simply Sunless is besides nomadic. which gives the concern more flexibleness to run into new clients. The proprietor of the concern has had professional preparation and certified direction. The greatest disadvantage Simply Sunless faces is its newness to the industry and limited selling budget. Phase 3: Presently the economic system is fighting and the effects are felt in many service industries. Present selling methods are limited and making an audience that is limited in its outgos. There are alternate classs of action which include direct mail selling. magazine print advertisement. seller events. and sponsorships. Print advertisement are more dearly-won. so the best class of action would be to go to seller auctions. concern networking meetings. and offer services at sponsorship events. Unit of measurement 2 ASSIGNMENT Q # 5A Current Procedure The current procedure is really simple and includes placing the mark market ( i. e. : Ultraviolet and UV-free sixpences ) . Selling is decided harmonizing to advertisement budget merely. Follow up calls and satisfaction studies are completed after every tanning assignment. Q # 5B Proposed Adaptations The proposed procedure will get down with placing the mark market with more item. This will include UV or indoor sixpences. UV-free airbrush sixpences. and open sixpences who have non made a determination in either way. Selling determinations will include measuring fluctuating consumer penchants. which include wellness tendencies and technique penchants ; the economic province. which will bespeak consumer’s willingness to pass money on luxury services ; every bit good as lodging to the company’s allotted advertisement budget. Q # 6 The bing procedure diagram has. really merely. outlined Simply Sunless’s procedure direction. and is of import because it establishes a base in placing how mark markets are being reached and whether or non they are successfully run intoing client outlooks. Future diagrams will sketch procedure betterment and redesign by using the initial selling base and spread out upon it to integrate new groups. Target markets will be decently solicited via advertised that is tailored to market and industry tendencies. economic province. and company advertisement budget. Future diagrams will assist concern directors place short-run and long-run betterments. ( Harmon. 2007. p. 318 ) . Unit of measurement 3 ASSIGNMENT Q # 7 The American Academy of Dermatology ( ADA ) shared legion surveies corroborating that indoor tanning increases the hazard of melanoma and non-melanoma tegument malignant neoplastic diseases. premature aging. immune suppression. cataracts. and optic melanoma ( ADA. 2012 ) . Given this information. one of import activity performed in the procedure alteration will be advertisement that is focused on appealing to the mark market’s penchants and tendencies. compared to the advertisement budget antecedently utilized. The undertaking being is the selling method. and shows that Simply Sunless presently advertises based on budget allowances. go forthing room to maximise investings that are market specific. Follow up calls to clients after their assignments is the primary method used to find client satisfaction. and advertisement is chiefly unbroken in-house. so both undertakings are performed entirely by Brooke. In order to aim markets suitably and acquire the most effectual advertisement scheme. outsourcing some of the advertisement duties may be necessary to obtain the most return on the investing. This would enable Brooke to make a coveted audience efficaciously. while leting her to concentrate on client satisfaction and procuring return concern clients. A meeting would necessitate to be set up with an advertisement bureau to set up a selling program that will bring forth the most return for the investing. The advertisement bureau will be in charge of making market research to aim the audience that composes the largest part Simply Sunless’s patronage. Brooke will mensurate the success or failure of the selling program by inquiring new clients where they heard of Simply Sunless. and by following up with clients to guarantee their sunburn met their outlooks. The follow up calls allow Brooke to open the lines of communicating with the client. set up a long term professional relationship. and guarantee that outlooks are being met. If the advertisement bureau is non aiming the proper audience. it will be apparent in the deficiency of response and with the client’s satisfaction evaluations. Q # 8 A undertaking is defined as a the â€Å"smallest identifiable and indispensable piece of a occupation that serves as a unit of work. and as a agency of distinguishing between the assorted constituents of a project† ( Business Dictionary. 2012 ) . One can reason that undertaking completion refers to the completion of a piece of work in a given period of clip. Measuring undertaking completion requires puting mensurable criterions which are straight related to the responsibilities and duties of the undertaking. The criterions will find what is required with the occupation to be done. The undertaking completion step will sketch whether or non the undertaking is completed successfully. This is straight linked to human public presentation in many instance. nevertheless human public presentation is comprised of more than the undertaking completion. Human public presentation is defined as â€Å"an achievement of a undertaking in conformity with agreed upon criterions of truth. completeness. and efficiency† and refers to the ability of the human resource. viz. the employee. to put to death the action. accomplish and carry through the requested undertaking on a consistent. seasonably. successful and efficient mode ( Business Dictionary. 2012 ) . That ability needs to be assessed and measured to supply feedback to the employee. guarantee that undertaking completion is accomplished. and better the ability to execute the undertaking when needed. Q # 9 Q # 10 The Six Sigma fishbone diagram is basically a cause-effect diagram that illustrates the things that will bring forth new concern. set up if the selling is successful. and develop a strong professional relationship with the clients in order to make a strong trade name and repetition patronages. As explained by Harmon the fishbone diagram largely â€Å"identifies a cause. specify it further and even further if possible† . ( p. 39 ) All of the procedures. from initial selling to following up after client assignments to carry oning informational studies. are cardinal to developing the Simply Sunless trade name and making a higher concentration of repetition clientele base. Should any element fail. the end is non able to be reached. Unit of measurement 4 ASSIGNMENT Q # 11 KPI # 1 for Ad: New Client Surveys When Simply Sunless hires an advertisement agent to help in turn uping mark market groups and properly research tendencies. it will be good for the concern to cognize if the investing is successful or non. One manner to detect this information is by carry oning new client studies. When the client books their assignment. a undertaking will be in topographic point to inquire each new client where he or she heard approximately Simply Sunless. KPI # 2 for Customer Satisfaction: Follow-up Calls Bing a service in the beauty industry. the lone method of mensurating client satisfaction is through the follow-up calls. Each client. whether they are new or repetition. will be contacted the following concern twenty-four hours to happen out if the sunburn met their outlooks. KPI # 3 for Quality Control: Customer Satisfaction The follow up call opens a direct line of communicating to enable the client to convey to light any positive or negative feedback. For illustration. if a client decided to acquire a darker sunburn colour than they did antecedently. they would be able to inform Brooke if they liked the darker shadiness or would prefer their old colour at their following assignment. Besides should any technique issues originate. the follow-up calls enable Brooke to turn to the issue instantly with a colour touch up at no charge to the client. Likewise. should the client peculiarly bask their consequences. it can be documented in their client portfolio. Q # 12 Conduct research ( utilizing the Kaplan Library or the Internet ) to compare and contrast Six Sigma. the Balanced Scorecard. and ISO9000/9001 as different methods of fixing public presentation and completion prosodies. Prosodies are public presentation markers. utilized at different intervals during the procedure timeline. to mensurate attachment to agenda and attainment of ends. Six Sigma basically prepares. so establishes the public presentation and completion prosodies as a method of mensurating the success or failure of Simply Sunless’s ability to efficaciously publicize. develop a trade name image. and unafraid repetition concern. Prosodies measure some quantifiable constituent of a company’s public presentation. such as return on investings. costs of making concern. and even seasonableness of assignments. return calls. and follow up calls. Simply Sunless could mensurate this by weighing the cost of engaging an advertisement agent compared to new concern generated from the selling. by set uping an acceptable clip frame to return appointment calls and times to follow up on assignments and by placing the per centum of repetition and new concern. Data will be collected by set uping and monitoring procedures. processs and services. so actionable prosodies can be established so that Brooke can seek to better the metric in order to bring forth of import information that is critical to Simply Sunless’s concern success. Once the coveted metric is identified and established. it will give better apprehension to implicit in causes of issues. which will so let farther analysis into the issue so that new betterments can be made. The Balanced Scorecard ( BSC ) is â€Å"Managementpractice that attempts to complement drivers of past public presentation with the drivers of future public presentation. including client satisfaction. development of human and rational capital. and learning† ( Business Dictionary. 2012 ) . A BSC is used for strategic planning and serves as a direction system to aline concern activities to the vision and scheme of the organisation. A solid BSC seeks to better all lines of communicating and supervise the organisational public presentation against set strategic ends. Under this method an organisation is viewed from four positions ; ( 1 ) acquisition and growing. ( 2 ) concern procedure ; ( 3 ) client and ( 4 ) fiscal positions ( Balances Scorecard Institute. n. d. ) . Data is collected and analyzed comparative to each of those positions so an appropriate set of prosodies can be developed. A Strategy Map. which overview the four positions. find action needed to be performed to acc omplish the scheme ends for each position. along with the steps that track the advancement on each action. Finally. the International Organization of Standardization ( ISO ) 9000/9001 is â€Å"based on a figure of choice direction rules including a strong client focal point. the motive and deduction of top direction. the procedure attack and continual improvement† . and gives the demands for an organization’s Quality Management System ( QMS ) with the end that after successful execution. companies will supply good services that meet the demands and outlooks of their clients and comply with applicable ordinances ( International Organization for Standardization. 2012 ) . ISO 9000/9001 provides â€Å"guidance and tools for companies and organisations who want to guarantee that their merchandises and services systematically meet customer’s demands. and that quality is systematically improved† ( ISO. 2012 ) . Finally. this will help in placing and implement actions needed to accomplish set ends. how to transcend them and so better the procedures as needed. Q # 13 It would be advantageous for Simply Sunless to use the Six Sigma method to successfully implement a alteration procedure. The Six Sigma will mensurate for return on advertisement investings. entire costs of making concern. and seasonableness of return calls. follow up calls. and existent assignment times. The chief focal point of this procedure will be to place the ROI of the advertisement investing and step client satisfaction. Paying close attending to the client feedback will enable Simply Sunless to measure the causes and grounds of factors impacting the success the ultimate end. This procedure will besides function to sketch KPIs that provide utile information Brooke can use to seek future betterments. The Six Sigma alteration procedure must be integrated through the concern to acquire a consistent part to Simply Sunless’s success as a whole. A alteration procedure should non be treated as independent of the whole. but should concentrate on the specific execution country. These peculiar procedure alterations. along with its public presentation indexs. are believed to be of import to Simply Sunless as a whole. Unit of measurement 5 ASSIGNMENT Q # 14- Produce an lineation or a flow chart depicting the full alteration direction program. Q # 15- Simply Sunless is a new. little airbrush tanning concern. which the proprietor. Brooke. is the exclusive employee and spray technician. The mission of Simply Sunless is to advance a healthy tanning alternate to UV tanning and convey consciousness to the hazards associated with UV tanning. such as melanoma tegument malignant neoplastic disease. premature aging. and optic harm. â€Å"Be Fabulously Fake! † is the slogan of Simply Sunless. and the feeling that proprietor. Brooke Counts. wants each client to see every clip she tans them. Since Simply Sunless is nomadic. advertisement has become the greatest obstruction to developing a solid. repetition clientele base. Customer satisfaction is indispensable to the wellness of the concern and one of Brooke’s top precedences. The prosodies of client satisfaction are measured through follow up calls to ask as to if the sunburn met the client’s outlooks and numerically via per centum of repetition vs. new concern. It has become evident that in order to bring forth new concern. Simply Sunless must outsource its advertisement to a company that can concentrate on the business’s mark market and work within the limited budget in order to maximise the success rate of print and digital advertisement methods. Once a more effectual selling program is established. Simply Sunless will be able to concentrate on developing a strong trade name through high client satisfaction. This will be achieved through mensurating prosodies such as ROI on advertisement. per centum of new and repeat clients. and client satisfaction. The information can be utilized to continually concentrate on bettering the procedures so that the Simply Sunless trade name continues to turn strong and go a family name. Mention American Academy of Dermatology ( ADA ) . ( 2012 ) . Indoor Tanning. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. aad. org/media-resources/stats-and-facts/prevention-and-care/indoor-tanning. Balanced Scorecard. ( n. d. ) . The Balanced Scorecard Basics. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. balancedscorecard. org. Harmon. P. ( 2007 ) Business Process Change. A Guide for Business Managers and Six Sigma Professionals. 2nd e. Morgan Kauffman Publishers. Burlington. Massachusetts Simply Sunless. LLC ( 2012 Retrieved from World Wide Web. SimplySunlessLLC. com.

Thomas Jefferson Essays (3462 words) - Randolph Family Of Virginia

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), 3d PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. As the author of the Declaration of Independence and the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, he is probably the most conspicuous champion of political and spiritual freedom in his country's history. He voiced the aspirations of the new nation in matchless phrase, and one may doubt if any other American has been so often quoted. As a public official--legislator, diplomat, and executive--he served the province and commonwealth of Virginia and the young American republic almost 40 years. While his services as a Revolutionary patriot have beenhonored by his countrymen with only slight dissent, his later and more controversial political activities have been variously interpreted. Believing that the government was not being conducted in the spirit of 1776, he turned against the administration in WASHINGTON's second term and remained in opposition during the presidency of John ADAMS. Jefferson, who was president from 1801 to 1809, was the acknowledged head of his political party, and his election to the highest office has been interpreted as a vindication of the right of political opposition. His ELECTION checked in the United States the tide of political reaction that was sweeping the Western world, and it furthered the development of political democracy. Throughout his life he sought to do that, though the term he generally used was republicanism. Opinions differ about his conduct of foreign affairs as president. He acquired the vast province of Louisiana and maintained neutrality in a world of war, but his policies failed to safeguard neutral rights at sea and imposed hardships at home. As a result, his administration reached its nadir as it ended. Until his last year as president he exercised leadership over his party that was to be matched by no other 19th century president, and he enjoyed remarkable popularity. He was rightly hailed as the "Man of the People," because he sought to conduct the government in the popular interest, rather than in the interest of any privileged group, and, insofar as possible, in accordance with the people's will. He was a tall and vigorous man, not particularly impressive in person but amiable, once his original stiffness wore off. He was habitually tactful and notably respectful of the opinions and personalities of others, though he had slight tolerance of those he believed unfaithful to republicanism. A devoted family man who set great store by privacy, he built his house upon a mountain, but he did not look down on people. A distinguished architect and naturalist in his own right, a remarkable linguist, a noted bibliophile, and the father of the University of Virginia, he was the chief patron of learning and the arts in his country in his day. And, with the possible exception of Benjamin Franklin, he was the closest American approximation of the universal man. Early Career Jefferson was born at Shadwell, his father's home in Albemarle county, Va., on April 13 (April 2, Old Style), 1743. His father, Peter Jefferson, a man of legendary strength, was a successful planter and surveyor who gained minor title to fame as an explorer and mapmaker. His prominence in his own locality is attested by the fact that he served as a burgess and as county lieutenant. Peter's son later held the same offices. Through his mother, Jane Randolph, a member of one of the most famous Virginia families, Thomas was related to many of the most prominent people in the province. Besides being well born, Thomas Jefferson was well educated. In small private schools, notably that of James Maury, he was thoroughly grounded in the classics. He attended the College of William and Mary--completing the course in 1762--where Dr. William Small taught him mathematics and introduced him to science. He associated intimately with the liberal-minded Lt. Gov. Francis Fauquier, and read law (1762-1767) with George Wythe, the greatest law teacher of his generation in Virginia. Jefferson became unusually learned in the law. He was admittedto the bar in 1767 and practiced until 1774, when the courts were closed by the American Revolution. He was a successful lawyer, though his professional income was only a supplement. He had inherited a considerable landed estate from his father, and doubled it by a happy marriage on Jan. 1, 1772, to Martha Wayles Skelton. However, his father-in-law's estate imposed a burdensome debt on Jefferson. He began building Monticello before his marriage, but his mansion was not completed in its present form until a generation later. Jefferson's lifelong emphasis on local government grew directly from his own experience. He served as magistrate and

Definition and Examples of Doxa in Classical Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Doxa in Classical Rhetoric In classical rhetoric, the Greek term doxa refers to the domain of opinion, belief, or probable knowledge- in contrast to episteme, the domain of certainty or true knowledge. in Martin and Ringhams  Key Terms in Semiotics  (2006), doxa  is defined as public opinion, majority prejudice, middle-class consensus. It is linked to the concept of doxology, to everything that is seemingly self-evident in terms of opinion, or conventional practice and habit. In England, for example, talk of the genius of Shakespeare is part of the doxa, as is a meal of fish and chips or a game of cricket. Etymology:  From the Greek, opinion What is Doxa? [T]he condemnation of rhetoric as trafficking in opinions about justice has dogged the art ever since Plato wrote Gorgias. . . . The Sophists in Gorgias hold that rhetoric creates truth that is useful for the moment out of doxa, or the opinions of the people, through the process of argument and counterargument. Socrates will have no part of this sort of truth which, nevertheless, is essential to a democracy.(James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric: An Introduction, 3rd ed. Allyn and Bacon, 2005) Two Meanings in Contemporary Rhetoric In contemporary rhetorical theory, we can distinguish two meanings of the classical term doxa. The first is more faithful to the classical heritage; it therefore stems from an epistemic perspective grounded in the contrast between certainty and probability. The second unfolds along a social and cultural dimension and is concerned with sets of beliefs widely espoused by popular audiences. These two meanings do not necessarily represent a shift from classical to modern theory. Aristotle distinguished doxa as opinion, from episteme as certainty. But in listing various beliefs with a high degree of probability- such as revenge being sweet, or rare objects as more valuable than those that exist in abundance- he also identified specific cultural, social (or what we call ideological) assumptions based on which the premise of an argument can be seen as plausible and be agreed upon by the members of a particular community.(Andreea Deciu Ritivoi, Paul Ricoeur: Tradition and Innovation in Rheto rical Theory. SUNY Press, 2006) Rational Doxa In The Republic, . . . Socrates says, Even the best of opinions are blind (Republic 506c). . . . One can never be the master of ones own doxa. As long as one lives in the domain of doxa, one is enslaved to the prevailing opinions of his social world. In the Theaetetus, this negative meaning of doxa is replaced by a positive one. In its new meaning, the word doxa can no longer be translated as belief or opinion. It is not something passively received from someone else, but rather actively made by the agent. This active notion of doxa is given by Socrates description of it as the souls dialogue with itself, asking itself questions and answering, affirming and denying, and finally making a decision (Theaetetus 190a). And the decision can be rational if the souls conversation is rational.This is the theory of rational doxa, the doxa plus logos . . ..(T. K. Seung, Plato Rediscovered: Human Value and Social Order. Rowman Littlefield, 1996)

Comparative criminal justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Comparative criminal justice - Essay Example The ranking was done on 179 countries from the least corrupt to the most corrupt. The corruption perception index was 9.4 for Demark, which the least corrupt, 2.9 for Bolivia, and 1.4 for Myanmar, which was ranked as the most corrupt among the countries, studied (Transparency International Web). This paper will focus on comparing the official crime rates of bribery, and drug offences per 100,000 in Denmark, Bolivia, and Myanmar. The paper will analyze the degree of cross-national differences and try to explain the differences in crime rates in the three countries. Bribery and drug offences are two crimes that are illegal in addition to involving a lot of corruption. The eighth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems, which was done for the period between 2001 and 2002, showed that these crimes are still persistent (United Nations Web). In 2001, 37,553 crimes were committed in Bolivia, which is equivalent to 435.80 crimes per 100,000 inhabitants. Crimes were higher in Denmark where a grand 473,290 crimes were committed in 2001, which equates to 8,831.69 crimes per 100,000 inhabitants. In Myanmar, 19,873 crimes were reported which equates to 41.24 crimes per 100,000 inhabitants. In 2002, the total number of crimes declined in Myanmar and Bolivia but increased in Denmark. The total numbers of crimes were 18,301 in Myanmar, 31,138 in Bolivia and 491,026 in Denmark. In relation to bribery and drug offences, Bolivia had the highest number of crimes per 100,000 inhabitants in both 2001 and 2002. The records by the United Nations shows that out of every 100,000 inhabitants 0.22 and 0.28 bribery crimes were recorded in Bolivia in 2001 and 2002 respectively. In case of Denmark, there were 0.09 and 0.07 bribery crimes for the years 2001 and 2002 respectively. Though ranked as the most

Response Papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Response Papers - Essay Example eople appreciated the innovativeness of the students who came up with the animations having put into consideration the changes in the twenty first century. Further, it is noted that video games can be used as interactive texts, which are important in providing sites through which to engage in media literacy. In the case study, it is noted that the Pac-Man game had been revised to allow them comment on space, geography, power relations, and the manner in which resources had been allocated. The games have further been revised to include the social, cultural, and political aspects of the society. The games challenged the destructive urbanization and resisted urban criminality. The students came up with a version of the â€Å"MacArthur Park Hot Dog Chase† which depicts how authorities view the area as a crime infested area full of drug barons. From the case study, it is evident that personalizing video games and sharing the games online can help the youth share strategies that are important in community empowerment and could be used to transform lives. It is important for the youth today to be keener with video games as games could be used as a means of communication. Media activists and the game designers should interact with the youth and deduce what attracts them to play games. Game designers should also take time to create games that reflect the youth’s observation of the society and the digital world. In conclusion, video games are important in passing across crucial information and can be used as a platform to reach out to the youth. Therefore, several factors need to be put into consideration to ensure that games designed are entertaining and educative at the same

Comparison of UK Building Contracts

Comparison of UK Building Contracts Assessment: Terms of Contract; Critical Evaluation; Question standard practise Samuel Perkins Introduction This assignment aims to compare and contrast the various aspects of both the SBC/Q 2011 Standard Building Contract against the NEC 3 Engineering and Construction Contract: priced with Bill of Quantities 2013. Throughout the assignment I will abbreviate these to SBC/Q 2011 and NEC3. I aim to evaluate the documents involved in the making of the contracts (10%/350 words), the roles of those involved in the performance of the contract (20% / 700 words) , the Contractors responsibility towards the design (20% / 700 words) and finally concentrating on the payment aspect of each contract (50%/1750 words). The contracts will be assessed regarding revisions made in September 2011 to the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996. My word count will be including the above mentioned areas not exceeding the 3500 words as required. Documents Making up the Contracts In the SBC/Q 2011 contract under provisions, the contract documents are defined in clause 1.1. The issue with this is that the contract sum analysis and any schedule of rates are dependent on the respective party and can therefore not be deemed as contract documents under this condition. For the employer this would mean that the main, responsibility for the correct descriptions and quantities would be placed upon them mitigating risks for the contractor. Regarding any discrepancies within the contract documents it is the responsibility of the Contractor to inform the Architect of any differences, however it should be noted that they are under no obligation to freely search for any discrepancies. Yet under condition 2.15 it states that if the contractor becomes aware of any such departure, error, omission or inadequacy as referred to in clause 2.14 that he shall immediately give notice with appropriate details to the Architect/Contract Administrator, who shall issue instructions in th at regard. The discrepancies are related to items found in condition 2.15(1,2,3,4,5) which cover the contract drawings, contract bills, instructions issued by the architect of contract administrator and finally the CDP documents. From the above we can see that SBC/Q 2011 shows a reasonable understanding to identifying contract documents. The main difference between the NEC3 and SBC/Q 2011 is that the NEC3 document doesnt define the term Contract, therefore there is no defining contract documents unlike SBC/Q 2011. It combats this within the guidance notes providing samples concerning a standard form of tender and form of agreement substituting themselves for actual contract documents. In the Core Clauses 12.4 it states that the contract is the entire agreement between the parties therefore combining the previously mentioned procedures involving the project management and contractual duties, liabilities and obligations. As discussed by Eggleston (2006) the term entire agreement has no legally definable definition however the term entire contract which is also known as a sole agreement clause does. Therefore the contract can only be completed to the written terms and conditions, this excluding any implied terms of common law remedies this relating to any legislation created by parliament as noted in (Galbraith, 2014). Like SC/Q 2011, NEC3 makes provisions regarding any discrepancies and contradictions between contract documents in Core Clause 17.1 however is much less distinct and clear cut in its definitions and clarity. The Clause states that The Project Manager or the Contractor notifies the other as soon as either becomes aware of an ambiguity or inconsistency in or between the documents which are part of this contract. The Project Manager gives an instruction resolving the ambiguity or inconsistency. However this does conflict with Core Clauses namely 12.3 and 18.1 which would then suggest that the responsibility to report inconsistencies lies solely with the Project Manager. Roles involved in the performance of the contract The JCT contracts require the Architect to act as the Contract Administrator in regards to performance of the contract on behalf of the employer. Under SBC/Q2011 the role of the architects expressed duties is covered in conditions 2.8 (1.2.3.4), 2.9, 2.11 and 2.12. These range from ensuring documents are supplied to the Contractor in accordance to the release schedule and initial contract documents to discharging the contract. As these are obligations of the architect they are therefore legally accountable for the area of contract administration. Given the Architects professional position and experience it is there duty to ensure the contract is carried out under the implied terms of common law and to the terms and conditions of the contract, it is crucial that the Architect stays unbiased when making decisions. SBC/Q2011 states under condition 2.4 that it is the duty of the Contractor to continue with the work on a regular basis and attentively and have the works finished by the agreed completion date. The work should progress steadily and in accordance to the contract in regards to time as noted in (Chappell 2012). If the Contractor is to make a breach of duty in respect of non-performance (not partial performance) of the contract would result in complete disregard to the contract terms and conditions which would cause total non-performance. Provisions are made to non-performance regarding the employers in conditions 8.4, 8.5 and 8.7 which guarantees the Contractors continual advancement of works in the event of unpredictable circumstances delaying works and the rectification of defect works. Unlike SBC/Q 2011, NEC3 does not mention the Architect under any of its clauses which removes any context of the Architects involvement. Under Core clause 10.1 it stipulates that the legal transitions and agreements and between the Employer and Contractor and subsequently the Project Manager and Supervisor. The provision of NEC3 states that the association of the Employer is to be related regarding their participation within the roles of the contract administration and are therefore a legal entity. The Project Manager exclusively has authority to change the work information, including issues and discharging any works instruction all of which is stated under Core clauses 14.3 and 27.3. Therefore the Project Manager is acting as the Employers Agent , allowing them to have a greater influence in decisions, which contrasts SBCQ/2011 whereby the Architect of Contract Administrator is more independent and acts in sovereignty. It is vital that the appointed Project Manager under NEC3 be it a single person or firm is competent and professional in order to achieve successful completion of the works and the contract due to the wide-ranging duties and obligations they are assigned. The Project manager and Supervisor can delegate works to other staff members in order to carry out their duties. This is noted under Core clause 14.2 however, before this can be done the Contractor must be notified of what actions each member of staff has been assigned. NEC3 also differs variably from SBC/Q2011 in its lack of expressed terms stating the Contractors obligation to continue with the works regularly. Consequently it relies on the provisions of Core clause 20.1 which state the Contractor is to Provide the works as defined in clause 11.2(3) along with disciplinary procedure that corner any delays to key dates, damages and or the payments scheme. It is important to note that NEC3 has no provisions in any of its Clauses that concerns any expressed terms that state the Project Manager should be neutral and equal, as mentioned above they are effectively acting as the Employers Agent. Therefore any concerns regarding the issues of impartial and unbiased contract administration is an implied duty and should therefore be overseen by the implied terms of common law remedies as displayed in Constain Ltd and Others [Corber] v Bechtel Ltd Anor [2005]. The Contractors Responsibility for Design Regarding the responsibility of the design aspect the Contractor should have no involvement, except if it has clearly been requested and defined within the contract documents under the parameter of the Contractors design responsibility Chappell (2012). It is also worth mentioning that the term design should be used broadly and should also encompass not just drawings but also any written documents relating to the Contractors design proportion for example specifications and schedules of work. Lupton and Cornes (2013) The SBC/Q 2011 has previously required an additional supplement which is provided through the Contractors designed proportion part of the contract. With the Contractors design proportion the employer will then prepare their requirements known as the Employers Requirements, which is created from the performance specification that consequently then allows the Contractor to formulate and submit their proposals known as the Contractors Proposals. These are required when creating the contract documents and subsequently the contract sum. Under clause 2.13.2 it states that the Contractor shall not be responsible for the contents of the Employers requirements or for verifying the adequacy of any design contained within them. Furthermore under clause 2.2 titled Contractors Design Proportion, it states what the Contractor should do where the works contain a Contractors Design Proportion. From these clauses it should be made clear the difference between the Contractors Design Proportion and the remainder of the job is to reduce any conflicts or confusion throughout the project. The Contractors liability is noted in clauses 2.1 and 2.19.1 and ensures that they do not exceed the level of works required, due to the Contractors liability being near equal to the Architects the liability is restricted to the Contractors skill and attention to details in their works. The NEC3 differs from SBC/Q 2011 and does not give the Contractor as much flexibility of which the Contractors design can operate. Clause 60.3 of NEC3 states that any inconsistencies with site information are the responsibility of the Employer. It is noted in Eggleston (2006) that due to the fact the Employer should have taken into account the best site conditions as per 60(12) yet logically the Contractor should have allowances and precautionary measures in place, which is contradictive. The Contractors basic obligation is covered in core clauses 20.1 and the obligation for Contractors designed work in clause 21.1 which states what work and designs are required from the Contractor and that the Employer should state the works information, the criteria to which he requires designs to conform. NEC3 is written to take account of common law remedies unlike SBC/Q2011 which uses expressed terms of provisions when discussing the Contractors liability regarding the works being fit for purpose. NEC3 optional clause X15.(1.2) limits the Contractors liability to reasonable skill and care much like SBC/Q2011 clause 2.1. This clause could be interpreted differently regarding fitness for purpose as the Contractor could complete the works with reasonable skill and care however could not be meeting their contractual obligations. Clause 21.2 states that the Contractor is responsible for the design standards, materials and products unless it is stated otherwise in the works information. As common law remedies implied on any warranties unless they are excluded. Payment SBC/Q 2011s provisions states that the parties involved should agree to suitable staged payments or Milestones as they are more commonly known, however if staged payments cannot be agreed upon the contract provisions will default to interim payments as per condition 4.9 (1.2) where a monthly valuation is submitted. It is therefore crucial that all valuations submitted for interim certificates are reasonably accurate and do not need to be perfectly correct, this will allow for any errors from miscalculations created from the difficulty of the matter as revealed in Secretary of State for Transport v Birse-Farr Joint Venture [1993] 62 BLR 36. Interim amounts account for the completed work at Bill of Quantity rates along with a percentage of lump sums, the final amount is due when the whole work has been re-measured in accordance with the Bill of Quantities. Eggleston (2006) Interim valuations should be calculated via gross valuation, which include for the deduction of retention and any previously arranged payments certified as due. Provisions regarding this are found under 4.16 (1.2.3) discussing work executed, site materials and listed items. Yet staged payments should be agreed before the work is commenced and should correlate to relevant milestones and work sections. However this procedure should require periodic re-evaluations due to the administrative nature. Regarding in the event of insolvency as previously mentioned, the site materials in particular any stored off-site can be a difficult to identify whom they belong to, however noted in the provisions of SBC/Q 2011 under Terms of Conditions 4.17 (1-5) these materials become property of the Employer provided they are accounted for in an interim certificate. The Contractor must also provide proof to ensure all offsite materials are insured. Therefore any implied terms of common law remedies regard ing SGA 1979 are in excluded of their respective powers. To act upon the above the retention of title clause must be completed in order to identify the route the transfer of title takes, this is usually done methodically working through the supply chain from the Contractor, Subcontractor and Manufacturer, again checked against interim payments of that Contractor. The principles of payments should be governed by terms of the contract provisions and also by any implied terms of common law remedies like SGA 1979 and SOGSA 1982 as noted in Hughes, Mills, and OBrien (2008). In SOGSA 1982 it establishes that a payment should be made to any provider of work including the provision of any good or services supplied. However if it is expressed in the terms of the contracts provision a right to set off can be put in place to exclude any implied terms of common law remedies as seen in the case of Acsim (Southern) Ltd v Danish Contracting and Development Co Ltd [1992] 47 BLR 59 and Gilbert-Ash Northern v Modern Engineering Bristol) Ltd [1974] AC 689. Any interim certificates under the provisions of the SBC/Q 2011 are to adhere to the dates specified under the contract particulars throughout the contract and its conditions. Condition 4.10 (1.2) under contract provisions the contractor should receive a written notice stating the amount to be paid and the methodology used to calculate the sum, this should be received no less than 5 days after the submission of the interim certificate from the Contractor. It is therefore common practice for a reference to the interim certificate and copy of the valuation to be prepared by the Contract Administer or Quantity Surveyor. It should be noted that in comparison to either the Contract Administrator or Architect they would be held accountable to the parties involved due to the concern of skill and care. Regarding the final payment a few conditions must be mentioned firstly condition 4.12 (1-7) which covers details interim payments final date and amount most importantly that the final date for interim payment shall be no later than 14 days from the original issuing of the interim certificate. It also provides instructions on how to proceed with any pay less notices. Secondly the under the provisions of condition 4.15 (1-9) under title Final certificate and final payment instructs that the final payment will match the final certificate. The final payment should amount to the total of the contract price while taking into account all additional works and omissions, less the staged payments that have been paid throughout the projects work. As discussed by Ramsey (2000)the case of Lubenham V South Pembrokeshire DC [1986] 33 BLR 39 showing how the Contract Administrator should abide to the provisions of expressed terms of the contract while performing their contractual procedure, in which the contractor will have no motive or reason to challenge the certificates issued. NEC3 differs from SBC/Q 2011 in the methods used relating to payment schemes. Firstly it is the Project Managers responsibility to assess the amount of the payments due at the assessment date and consequently they are accountable to ensure the submission of application to confirm payment. The Project Manager is also responsible for determining the first assessment date. This is found under Core Clause 50.1 under title assessing the amount due. Clause 51.1 stating that the latest dates that the Project Manager can certify the payment are fixed throughout the contract relating to each assessment date, this is usually a period of 1 week from the date. NECs secondary option Clause X16 (1.2) is similar to condition 4.20 (1.2.3) of SBCQ/2011 in its replication which defaults the retention percentage to either 3% unless otherwise stipulated under the contract particulars. Regarding the Core clauses that relate to retention there are no expressed terms found in the contract provisions. Core Clause 50.3 is designed to be a powerful motivation to the Contractor and can incur a 25% deduction until the Project Manager confirms a programme submitted by the Contractor, however no provisions are made that make any reference to the final certificate, which consequently means that certificates have no order of precedence and controversially no contractual status. As we are aware it is the Project Managers responsibility under Core Clause 50.1 to access and certify each payment amount at the given assessment dates, along with this under Clause 50.4, it states that the Project Manager should take into account any submissions by the Contractor that however the responsibility remains on the Project Manager the amount due regardless if he has not received a submission from the Contractor. Any assessment that is issued after the defect certificate will be considered as is common practise as the final assessment which will lead to the final certificate, therefore from clause 50.4 it is understood that without the Contractors submission of a final account before the last assessment they will lose any influence they have regarding payment. However this clause may cause disputes between the Contractor and Project Manager regarding the information supplied from the contractors original submitted programme, as this considered to meet the requirements of the contracts agreement. Clause 50.3 is biased in its favouring to the Project Manager, therefore the Contractor may wish to seek adjudication if they believe they have any conflicts throughout the project as the clause provides the opportunity to invoke a penalty clause. NEC Core clause 50.5 is designed to provide motivation to the Contractor to submit a programme which contains information required for the contract, within this clause it is understood that if the amount has been inaccurately assessed is difficult to comprehend. It is implied that the Contractor will not be entitled to any correction of the next payment certificate. Usually it is common practice for inaccurate assessments to be corrected on the later payment certificates without the Project Managers admission. However, if the Project Manager does not correct the assessment in question again the Contractor can seek adjudication by an Adjudicator. If the Project Manager does admit to a mistake following a tribunal or adjudication, under the provisions of core clause 51.3 it is liable to attract interest calculated from the date when the increased amount would have been certified if there had been no dispute. Core Clauses 11.2(21), 11.2(22) and 11.2.(28) relate to Payment in Main Option B Priced Contract with BOQ. The Term bill of quantities is defined in clause 11.2(21) which define its meaning and therefore the how the BOQ relates to other clauses. Clause 11.2(21) is very similar to Core Clause 11.2(20) of the main Option A priced contract with activity schedule. Finally Core Clauses 11.2(28) and 11.2(31) define the completed work ensuring it cannot be misinterpreted regarding payment terms. References Chappell, D. (2012) Understanding JCT standard building contracts. 9th edn. London, United Kingdom: Taylor Francis. Eggleston, B.Ce. (2006) The NEC 3 engineering and construction contract: A commentary. 2nd edn. Oxford, UK: Wiley, John Sons. Galbraith, A., Stockdale, M., Wilson, S., Mitchell, R., Hewitson, R., Spurgeon, S. and Woodley, M. (2014) Galbraiths building and land management law for students. 6th edn. Oxon: Routledge. Hughes, S., Mills, R. and OBrien, P. (2008) Payment in construction: A practical guide. Coventry: RICS Books. Lupton, S. and Cornes, D.L. (2013) Cornes and Luptons design liability in the construction industry. 5th edn. London, United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell (an imprint of John Wiley Sons Ltd). Ramsey, Vivian. Construction Law Handbook. 1st ed. London: Thomas Telford, 2000. Print. Cases Acsim (Southern) Ltd v Danish Contracting and Development Co Ltd [1992] 47 BLR 59 and Gilbert-Ash Northern v Modern Engineering Bristol) Ltd [1974] AC 689. Constain Ltd and Others [Corber] v Bechtel Ltd Anor [2005]. Lubenham V South Pembrokeshire DC [1986] 33 BLR 39 Secretary of State for Transport v Birse-Farr Joint Venture [1993] 62 BLR 36.

Effectiveness of Advertising Essay

DEFINITION: Advertising is the non personal communication of information usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature about products, services or ideas by identified sponsors through the various media. MEANING: Advertising is a form of communication for marketing and used to encourage or persuade an audience (viewers, readers or listeners; sometimes a specific group) to continue or take some new action. Advertising messages are usually paid for by sponsors and viewed via various traditional including mass media such as newspaper, magazines, television, radio, outdoor advertising or direct mail; or new media such as blogs, websites or text messages. CONCEPT: The word advertising is derived from the Latin word, â€Å"adverto† â€Å"ad† meaning towards and â€Å"verto† means to turn. Literally it means turning people’s attention to a particular or specific thing. Advertisements are sometimes spoken of as the nervous system of the business world. As nervous system is very important in human body so it is vital in business world. Advertising is multidimensional. It can be viewed as a form of communication, as a component of an economic system, and as a means of financing the mass media Different kinds of businesses use advertising to motivate different kinds of markets toward different kinds of responses ADVERTISING EFFECTIVENESS The main â€Å"actors† related to the effectiveness in the advertising activities are consumer, advertisement, product/service, medium, and environment. The advertising effectiveness can be studied from the different manifestations of these actors. * Consumers are audience of the advertisement and potential purchasers of the product or service. Many models of consumer behaviour have been developed to measure the advertising effectiveness. For example, in the attitude model in the effects of advertising on consumers can be described as a sequence of stages or steps that begins with an awareness of the existence of what is being advertised, through the knowledge on what the product or service has to offer, favourable attitudes, preference over all other possibilities, and the conviction that the purchase would be wise, and finally culminates in the actual purchase of the product or service. * Advertisement in a traditional sense can influence the consumer behaviour. In new media advertising on the Internet, the advertisement can be influenced by the consumer behaviour as well to manifest the effectiveness. For example, click through rates of banner advertising on the web can be used to measure its effectiveness. * Product/service represents the motivation of the advertising. Advertising is often used to try to increase sales of a product or the use of a service, to improve the firm’s â€Å"corporate image†: to persuade people that the company is benevolent and trustworthy, or to change people’s behaviour such as anti-smoking. So the advertising effectiveness can be also measured through the achievements of the motivation, such as the profit and the brand value. * Medium is the carrier of the advertising message. The principal media may be classified as newspapers, magazines, radio, TV, direct mail, Internet, outdoor and so on. The first criterion for effectiveness is that sufficient numbers of the target audience should get to see or hear the advertisement, which is mostly decided by the nature of the medium. 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY PREMIER HOME APPLIANCES wanted to know the effectiveness of their advertisement on their customers in order to improvise their advertising strategies. 1.3 PROBLEM DEFINITION To study the effectiveness of advertisement of premier home appliances 1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY * To find the advertising effectiveness of premier home appliances * To evaluate the influence made by the advertisement on the customers purchase decision. * To find whether the advertisement has reached the customers. * To find which media impact made a huge impact. * To know whether advertisement creates brand identity among customers. * To know whether advertising creates awareness and belief about the product to customers. 1.5 HYPOTHESIS: Inspite of having an impressive advertisement they found it to be not convincing. 1.6 INDUSTRY PROFILE: Home Appliances are that without which a modern home is considered incomplete, especially in urban areas. We have become so used to some of the home appliances that it seems difficult to live without them. Indeed, they have made our life more comfortable and easier than ever. In metro cities and big towns, such household appliances are regarded as a boon, as they are instrumental in cutting down the time involved in most of the domestic chores. This is really a great help since people often find it difficult to keep a balance between professional obligation and household needs. HOMEAPPLIANCES PRODUCTS: Products such as microwave ovens, juicer- mixer- grinder, fully automatic washing machines, and frost- free refrigerators are the most popular category of home appliances. This is because they have made the work of housewives less tiresome and more enjoying. Most of the domestic appliances are useful in various kitchen related jobs and hence are termed as kitchen appliances. Gas stoves, toasters, microwave ovens, mixer & grinders, juicers & blenders, rotti makers, refrigerators, water purifiers are some of the most common kitchen appliances in India. Besides, there is a category of electronic products that have become an integral part of modern houses. These are air conditioners, fans, room coolers, room heaters, geysers, electrical irons etc. HOMEAPPLIANCES COMPANIES IN INDIA There are many Home Appliance companies in India like premier, pigieon, butterfly etc. Apart from them there are various international companies also that deal in domestic appliances. Some of these home appliances manufacturers are Samsung, LG, IFB, Whirlpool, and Kenmore etc. With the arrival of international brands in Indian market, the competition among rival companies has become stiff. Since, a majority of products are electrically operated; the focus is on such household appliances that are efficient in power consumption.| HOME APPLIANCES STORES Most of the leading home appliances manufacturers and companies have set up their exclusive retail outlets in important towns and cities of the country. Besides, there are local home appliances suppliers, manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers spread throughout India. Apart from that Home Appliances stores and shops are located in every locality, which let you compare products of different companies before buying and also let you buy all kinds of home appliance products at one place. Some manufacturers also offer after sale service, and if needed, repair the damaged parts of your electronic products. So here you will find the sites of some of the leading Home Appliances manufacturers and suppliers 1.7 COMPANY PROFILE: Sivanesan CEO- Sivanesan Group of Companies â€Å"Sivanesan group of companies believes in bringing quality products to over customers, right from its inception. No wonder, we have internalized high standards of quality in over business functions. The results are there for everyone to see in the form of remarkable levels of â€Å"customer satisfaction† and â€Å"business trustworthiness†. â€Å"Quality isn’t something that can be argued in a brochure or promised to a client. It must be there in your product. If it isn’t there, the finest sales talk in the world can not act as a substitute. At Sivanesan group of companies we have always believed in quality of our products, of our workforce, of our processes, of our management and in every aspect of our business relationship. Quality, at Sivanesan group of companies, is never an accident; it is always a result of high intentions, sin care effort, intelligent direction and skillful execution. The Sivanesan group is one of India’s largest and m ost respected business conglomerates in the home appliances sector. Premier the group well established brand founded in 1974 by Sivanesan, CEO of Sivanesan group of companies, since then the group has mentioned firm and impressive escalation. Today the group successfully manages as many as seven full-fledged manufacturing units above and beyond marketing and export divisions. The premier range of products is crowning almost the entire requirements of a modern kitchen. This can be seeing by the actually that we manufacture over 32 products under the premier brand tree. The most momentous being the vast reservoir of well trained, highly energized team of over 400 professionals and technicians. In addition to this premier’s R&D efforts persistently improve manufacturing methods to enhance the premium placed on its products. Moreover, they have invested valuable time and resource to bring their manufacturing practices in line with the most excellent in the world. This includes the installation of the most up-to-date machineries and processes. Premier pressure cookers come to your after years of research and development and offer the healthiest mode of cooking by conserving vital nutrients, vitamins and energy. Premier’s multiple facility system, built in to every one of its cookers, ensures increased safety and reliability in the long run. The aesthetic appeal of the streamlined exteriors and superior overall design help conservation of precious energy and time through quick, even heating. Underwriters laboratories inc (UL) is an independent not for profit organization, which in its 107-years-old history has dedicated itself to the cause of safety and quality service. UL is headquartered in the USA and has a network, which spans 89 countries across the globe offering manufactures, the world over unlimited access to the most lucrative markets. As per available estimate approximately 16 billion marks appeared from amongst 18,000 products in 1999 alone. UL certification symbolizes a commitment to continually offer saf er products to customers the world over. Premier cooker has now been accorded this prestigious certification for safety excellence on its cooker. A momentous occasion for the premier group and recognition for the safety standards it has been following for over three decades since its inception. The premier range of products covers almost the entire requirement of modern kitchen. With emphasis on quality, safety and product innovation, premier has been able to win the hearts of the Indian housewives and be reckoned as a leader in the kitchenware market. Today, premier manufactures over 32 products in 97 variations. Premier products are also exported to markets in Europe, west Asia, south east Asia, America, Australia, and Africa. Underwriters laboratories (UL) of USA and bureau of Indian standards (ISI) has certified premier’s automatic rice cookers and pressure cookers. Premiers attractive pressure cooker range include a wide verity of material and design options including Aluminum, HARD-ANODIZED, SS copper-bottom and SS sandwich bottom with unmatched durability, performance and style, the premier pressure cooker is quite truly the heart of any modern kitchen. Presented below are the different versions and models of the premier’s automatic rice cooker. Among other top selling range from premier are stainless steel copper bottom pressure cooker, mixi, multi-steamer, regular cookware and the LPG stove and many more. All that they are giving is to make cooking the comfortable, safe and economical for the housewives. Now to find out the ultimate safety symbol in kitchenware, look out for premier’s pressure cooker. In short, premier one of the premier brands in kitchen appliances, brings to its consumers cooking solutions that are not only considered â€Å"red-hot†. When it comes to standards related to product safety, there is the trust of lakes of premiers customer’s world over they have and the (UL) certification 1.8LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY * Time constraint was the biggest limitation. The project had to be completed within 2 months and hence the sample size had to be lesser. * One problem that every interviewer faces is the willingness of the customers in filling up the questionnaire. * Validity of information obtained from the respondents was a major drawback. 1.9 SCOPE OF THE STUDY This study is expected to identify whether it has reached the target audience and thus, can find the gap that is to be improvised. CHAPTER-II REVIEW OF LITERATURE According to Weilbacher (1984), this ability to jumble all of what one knows about a product or a company together with selected elements from one’s life experience is the essence of Creativity in Advertising. The degree or level of Advertising C:reativity is definitely related to the Advertising Effectiveness. To assess the effectiveness of advertisements, there have been two streams of research (Jeong, 2004). One stream of research focuses on the psychological aspects of advertising impact and the other focuses on the sales and market response aspects of advertising effects. Neslin(2002) found that other variables like sales promotion can have a significant influence on the advertising and sales relationship and consider such variables responsible for inconsistent results in previous studies on the effectiveness of advertisements. The behavioral perspective of advertising effectiveness provides insight into the antecedents of consumer behavior like attitude, recall and brand choice. It, therefore, supersedes in importance than the market and sales response method of advertising this is also more important as it is more consistent with the marketing concept which focuses on the final consumer as a fundamental business philosophy (Ang,Lee & Leong, 2007). Consistent with such views, Lucas and Britt (1963 cited in KocabiyikoÄŸlu, 2004) stated quite earlier that the basic purpose of advertising is to provide information about the actual receivers of advertisements that are instrumental in the selection of appropriate advertising strategies. This ultimately improves the effectiveness of advertisement and hence will positively affect the market result. The behavioral perspective of advertising effectiveness concerns how people perceive, process, respond to, and use advertising information in making purchase decision about certain product or service (Jeong, 2004). Similarly, attitude as another measure of advertising effectiveness is important because it is related to how consumers evaluate the advertised products. A strong positive attitude towards a product means that the person may buy the brand in future (Wells etal., 2003). As Mitchell and Olson (1981) state that as attitudes are relatively stable and enduring predispositions to behave, they should be useful predictors of consumers ’behavior towards a product or service. Gresham and Shimp (1985) consider attitude as an attempt to influence consumers’ choice. Advertising recall is a memorability test that determines how viewers remember something specific about the advertisement and the brand (Wells et al., 2003). Recall can be aided as well as unaided (Till & Baack, 2005). CHAPTER-III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research is a systematic method of finding solutions to problems. It is essentially an investigation, a recording and an analysis of evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge. According to Clifford woody, â€Å"research comprises of defining and redefining problem, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions, collecting, organizing and evaluating data, reaching conclusions, testing conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulated hypothesis† In other words, research methodology is simply the plan of action for a research which explains in detail how data is to be collected, analyzed and interpreted RESEARCH DESIGN: The study is descriptive in nature. Data were collected through questionnaire and processed. Analyzing using various statistical tools like tabulation percentage and relationship chart. TOOLS USED: To analyses and to arrive at a conclusion as to how the professional view has changed the environment suitable statistical techniques are to be employed. The research has been done by using following tools. Percentage, Tabulation, Pie chart, Bar chart No. of respondents Percentage = ——————————- x 100 Sample size PERIOD OF SURVEY: The duration of the study has been for the two months. SAMPLE SIZE : For these study 60 consumers where taken as the sample size to collect the detailed data DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES 1.Primary data 2.Secondary data The techniques that was used by the researcher for collecting primary data was the questionnaire method. The researcher has used the structure form of the questionnaire with the close us open-end question. The researcher has collected primary data from the respondents and secondary data from post research. Face to face method secondary data was also adopted to have additional information. QUESTIONNAIRE Questionnaire is a special practice to prepare a schedule of questions or a questionnaire for interviewing a person. As such, the set of questions prepared are of two types: A set of questions prepared by the interviewer and is asked by the interviewer during an interview is the first kind. It is a set of questions administered by the interviwer in interview. A set of questions prepared by the interviewer and is given to the person being interviewed and filled in by the interviwee: the person giving interview. In either case, data can be gathered and then analyzed. The two are being used in geography, especially in field work research. There is a kind as well. Some researchers have prepared such schedules of questions of questionnaires , evaluated them and then standardized them as well.